OPENSSL(1SSL)

NAME
openssl - OpenSSL command line tool

SYNOPSIS
openssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ]

openssl list [ standard-commands | digest-commands | cipher-commands | cipher-algorithms | digest-algorithms | public-key-algorithms]

openssl no-XXX [ arbitrary options ]

DESCRIPTION
OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related cryptography standards required by them.

The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library from the shell. It can be used for

 o  Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
 o  Public key cryptographic operations
 o  Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
 o  Calculation of Message Digests
 o  Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
 o  SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
 o  Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
 o  Time Stamp requests, generation and verification

COMMAND SUMMARY
The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands (command in the SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments (command_opts and command_args in the SYNOPSIS).

Detailed documentation and use cases for most standard subcommands are available (e.g., x509(1) or openssl-x509(1)).

Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their arguments and have a -config option to specify that file. The environment variable OPENSSL_CONF can be used to specify the location of the file. If the environment variable is not specified, then the file is named openssl.cnf in the default certificate storage area, whose value depends on the configuration flags specified when the OpenSSL was built.

The list parameters standard-commands, digest-commands, and cipher-commands output a list (one entry per line) of the names of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands, respectively, that are available in the present openssl utility.

The list parameters cipher-algorithms and digest-algorithms list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:

 from => to

The list parameter public-key-algorithms lists all supported public key algorithms.

The command no-XXX tests whether a command of the specified name is available. If no command named XXX exists, it returns 0 (success) and prints no-XXX; otherwise it returns 1 and prints XXX. In both cases, the output goes to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr. Additional command line arguments are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the availability of ciphers in the openssl program. (no-XXX is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as quit, list, or no-XXX itself.)

  Standard Commands

asn1parse
    Parse an ASN.1 sequence.

ca  Certificate Authority (CA) Management.

ciphers
    Cipher Suite Description Determination.

cms CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility.

crl Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.

crl2pkcs7
    CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.

dgst
    Message Digest Calculation.

dh  Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. Obsoleted by dhparam(1).

dhparam
    Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkeyparam(1).

dsa DSA Data Management.

dsaparam
    DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkeyparam(1).

ec  EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.

ecparam
    EC parameter manipulation and generation.

enc Encoding with Ciphers.

engine
    Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.

errstr
    Error Number to Error String Conversion.

gendh
    Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Obsoleted by dhparam(1).

gendsa
    Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkey(1).

genpkey
    Generation of Private Key or Parameters.

genrsa
    Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by genpkey(1).

nseq
    Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.

ocsp
    Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.

passwd
    Generation of hashed passwords.

pkcs12
    PKCS#12 Data Management.

pkcs7
    PKCS#7 Data Management.

pkcs8
    PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool.

pkey
    Public and private key management.

pkeyparam
    Public key algorithm parameter management.

pkeyutl
    Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.

prime
    Compute prime numbers.

rand
    Generate pseudo-random bytes.

rehash
    Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash values.

req PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.

rsa RSA key management.

rsautl
    RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded by pkeyutl(1).

s_client
    This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.

s_server
    This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library. It provides both an own command line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.

s_time
    SSL Connection Timer.

sess_id
    SSL Session Data Management.

smime
    S/MIME mail processing.

speed
    Algorithm Speed Measurement.

spkac
    SPKAC printing and generating utility.

srp Maintain SRP password file.

storeutl
    Utility to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.

ts  Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server).

verify
    X.509 Certificate Verification.

version
    OpenSSL Version Information.

x509
    X.509 Certificate Data Management.

  Message Digest Commands

blake2b512
    BLAKE2b-512 Digest

blake2s256
    BLAKE2s-256 Digest

md2 MD2 Digest

md4 MD4 Digest

md5 MD5 Digest

mdc2
    MDC2 Digest

rmd160
    RMD-160 Digest

sha1
    SHA-1 Digest

sha224
    SHA-2 224 Digest

sha256
    SHA-2 256 Digest

sha384
    SHA-2 384 Digest

sha512
    SHA-2 512 Digest

sha3-224
    SHA-3 224 Digest

sha3-256
    SHA-3 256 Digest

sha3-384
    SHA-3 384 Digest

sha3-512
    SHA-3 512 Digest

shake128
    SHA-3 SHAKE128 Digest

shake256
    SHA-3 SHAKE256 Digest

sm3 SM3 Digest

  Encoding and Cipher Commands
The following aliases provide convenient access to the most used encodings and ciphers.

Depending on how OpenSSL was configured and built, not all ciphers listed here may be present. See enc(1) for more information and command usage.

aes128, aes-128-cbc, aes-128-cfb, aes-128-ctr, aes-128-ecb, aes-128-ofb
    AES-128 Cipher

aes192, aes-192-cbc, aes-192-cfb, aes-192-ctr, aes-192-ecb, aes-192-ofb
    AES-192 Cipher

aes256, aes-256-cbc, aes-256-cfb, aes-256-ctr, aes-256-ecb, aes-256-ofb
    AES-256 Cipher

aria128, aria-128-cbc, aria-128-cfb, aria-128-ctr, aria-128-ecb, aria-128-ofb
    Aria-128 Cipher

aria192, aria-192-cbc, aria-192-cfb, aria-192-ctr, aria-192-ecb, aria-192-ofb
    Aria-192 Cipher

aria256, aria-256-cbc, aria-256-cfb, aria-256-ctr, aria-256-ecb, aria-256-ofb
    Aria-256 Cipher

base64
    Base64 Encoding

bf, bf-cbc, bf-cfb, bf-ecb, bf-ofb
    Blowfish Cipher

camellia128, camellia-128-cbc, camellia-128-cfb, camellia-128-ctr, camellia-128-ecb, camellia-128-ofb
    Camellia-128 Cipher

camellia192, camellia-192-cbc, camellia-192-cfb, camellia-192-ctr, camellia-192-ecb, camellia-192-ofb
    Camellia-192 Cipher

camellia256, camellia-256-cbc, camellia-256-cfb, camellia-256-ctr, camellia-256-ecb, camellia-256-ofb
    Camellia-256 Cipher

cast, cast-cbc
    CAST Cipher

cast5-cbc, cast5-cfb, cast5-ecb, cast5-ofb
    CAST5 Cipher

chacha20
    Chacha20 Cipher

des, des-cbc, des-cfb, des-ecb, des-ede, des-ede-cbc, des-ede-cfb, des-ede-ofb, des-ofb
    DES Cipher

des3, desx, des-ede3, des-ede3-cbc, des-ede3-cfb, des-ede3-ofb
    Triple-DES Cipher

idea, idea-cbc, idea-cfb, idea-ecb, idea-ofb
    IDEA Cipher

rc2, rc2-cbc, rc2-cfb, rc2-ecb, rc2-ofb
    RC2 Cipher

rc4 RC4 Cipher

rc5, rc5-cbc, rc5-cfb, rc5-ecb, rc5-ofb
    RC5 Cipher

seed, seed-cbc, seed-cfb, seed-ecb, seed-ofb
    SEED Cipher

sm4, sm4-cbc, sm4-cfb, sm4-ctr, sm4-ecb, sm4-ofb
    SM4 Cipher

OPTIONS
Details of which options are available depend on the specific command. This section describes some common options with common behavior.

  Common Options

-help
    Provides a terse summary of all options.

  Pass Phrase Options
Several commands accept password arguments, typically using -passin and -passout for input and output passwords respectively. These allow the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no password argument is given and a password is required then the user is prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current terminal with echoing turned off.

Note that character encoding may be relevant, please see passphrase-encoding(7).

pass:password
    The actual password is password. Since the password is visible to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used where security is not important.

env:var
    Obtain the password from the environment variable var. Since the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.

file:pathname
    The first line of pathname is the password. If the same pathname argument is supplied to -passin and -passout arguments then the first line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output password. pathname need not refer to a regular file: it could for example refer to a device or named pipe.

fd:number
    Read the password from the file descriptor number. This can be used to send the data via a pipe for example.

stdin
    Read the password from standard input.

SEE ALSO
asn1parse(1), ca(1), ciphers(1), cms(1), config(5), crl(1), crl2pkcs7(1), dgst(1), dhparam(1), dsa(1), dsaparam(1), ec(1), ecparam(1), enc(1), engine(1), errstr(1), gendsa(1), genpkey(1), genrsa(1), nseq(1), ocsp(1), passwd(1), pkcs12(1), pkcs7(1), pkcs8(1), pkey(1), pkeyparam(1), pkeyutl(1), prime(1), rand(1), rehash(1), req(1), rsa(1), rsautl(1), s_client(1), s_server(1), s_time(1), sess_id(1), smime(1), speed(1), spkac(1), srp(1), storeutl(1), ts(1), verify(1), version(1), x509(1), crypto(7), ssl(7), x509v3_config(5)

HISTORY
The list-XXX-algorithms pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0; For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual manual pages.

COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.