timbl(1)

NAME
timbl - Tilburg Memory Based Learner

SYNOPSYS
timbl [options]

timbl -f data-file -t test-file

DESCRIPTION
TiMBL is an open source software package implementing several memory-based learning algorithms, among which IB1-IG, an implementation of k-nearest neighbor classification with feature weighting suitable for symbolic feature spaces, and IGTree, a decision-tree approximation of IB1-IG. All implemented algorithms have in common that they store some representation of the training set explicitly in memory. During testing, new cases are classified by extrapolation from the most similar stored cases.

OPTIONS
-a <n> or -a <string>
    determines the classification algorithm.

    Possible values are:

    0 or IB
     the IB1 (k-NN) algorithm (default)

    1 or IGTREE
     a decision-tree-based approximation of IB1

    2 or TRIBL
     a hybrid of IB1 and IGTREE

    3 or IB2
     an incremental editing version of IB1

    4 or TRIBL2
     a non-parameteric version of TRIBL

-b n
    number of lines used for bootstrapping (IB2 only)

-B n
    number of bins used for discretization of numeric feature values

--Beam=<n>
    limit +v db output to n highest-vote classes

--clones=<n>
    number f threads to use for parallel testing

-c n
    clipping frequency for prestoring MVDM matrices

+D
    store distributions on all nodes (necessary for using +v db with IGTree, but wastes memory otherwise)

--Diversify
    rescale weight (see docs)

-d val
    weigh neighbors as function of their distance:
     Z : equal weights to all (default)
     ID : Inverse Distance
     IL : Inverse Linear
     ED:a : Exponential Decay with factor a (no whitespace!)
     ED:a:b : Exponential Decay with factor a and b (no whitespace!)

-e n
    estimate time until n patterns tested

-f file
    read from data file 'file' OR use filenames from 'file' for cross validation test

-F format
    assume the specified input format (Compact, C4.5, ARFF, Columns, Binary, Sparse )

-G normalization

    normalize distibutions (+v db option only)

    Supported normalizations are:

    Probability or 0

    normalize between 0 and 1

    addFactor:<f> or 1:<f>

    add f to all possible targets, then normalize between 0 and 1 (default f=1.0).

    logProbability or 2

    Add 1 to the target Weight, take the 10Log and then normalize between 0 and 1

+H or -H
    write hashed trees (default +H)

-i file
    read the InstanceBase from 'file' (skips phase 1 & 2 )

-I file
    dump the InstanceBase in 'file'

-k n
    search 'n' nearest neighbors (default n = 1)

-L n
    set value frequency threshold to back off from MVDM to Overlap at level n

-l n
    fixed feature value length (Compact format only)

-m string
    use feature metrics as specified in' string':
     The format is : GlobalMetric:MetricRange:MetricRange
               e.g.: mO:N3:I2,5-7

     C: cosine distance. (Global only. numeric features implied)
     D: dot product. (Global only. numeric features implied)
     DC: Dice coefficient
     O: weighted overlap (default)
     E: Euclidian distance
     L: Levenshtein distance
     M: modified value difference
     J: Jeffrey divergence
     S: Jensen-Shannon divergence
     N: numeric values
     I: Ignore named values

--matrixin=file
    read ValueDifference Matrices from file 'file'

--matrixout=file
    store ValueDifference Matrices in 'file'

-n file
    create a C4.5-style names file 'file'

-M n
    size of MaxBests Array

-N n
    number of features (default 2500)

-o s
    use s as output filename

--occurences=<value>
    The input file contains occurrence counts (at the last position) value can be one of: train , test or both

-O path
    save output using 'path'

-p n
    show progress every n lines (default p = 100,000)

-P path
    read data using 'path'

-q n
    set TRIBL threshold at level n

-R n
    solve ties at random with seed n

-s
    use the exemplar weights from the input file

-s0
    ignore the exemplar weights from the input file

-T n
    use feature n as the class label. (default: the last feature)

-t file
    test using 'file'

-t leave_one_out
    test with the leave-one-out testing regimen (IB1 only). you may add --sloppy to speed up leave-one-out testing (but see docs)

-t cross_validate
    perform cross-validation test (IB1 only)

-t @file
    test using files and options described in 'file' Supported options: d e F k m o p q R t u v w x % -

--Treeorder =value n
    ordering of the Tree:
     DO: none
     GRO: using GainRatio
     IGO: using InformationGain
     1/V: using 1/# of Values
     G/V: using GainRatio/# of Valuess
     I/V: using InfoGain/# of Valuess
     X2O: using X-square
     X/V: using X-square/# of Values
     SVO: using Shared Variance
     S/V: using Shared Variance/# of Values
     GxE: using GainRatio * SplitInfo
     IxE: using InformationGain * SplitInfo
     1/S: using 1/SplitInfo

-u file
    read value-class probabilities from 'file'

-U file
    save value-class probabilities in 'file'

-V
    Show VERSION

+v level or -v level
    set or unset verbosity level, where level is:

     s: work silently
     o: show all options set
     b: show node/branch count and branching factor
     f: show calculated feature weights (default)
     p: show value difference matrices
     e: show exact matches
     as: show advanced statistics (memory consuming)
     cm: show confusion matrix (implies +vas)
     cs: show per-class statistics (implies +vas)
     cf: add confidence to output file (needs -G)
     di: add distance to output file
     db: add distribution of best matched to output file
     md: add matching depth to output file.
     k: add a summary for all k neigbors to output file (sets -x)
     n: add nearest neigbors to output file (sets -x)

      You may combine levels using '+' e.g. +v p+db or -v o+di

-w n
    weighting
     0 or nw: no weighting
     1 or gr: weigh using gain ratio (default)
     2 or ig: weigh using information gain
     3 or x2: weigh using the chi-square statistic
     4 or sv: weigh using the shared variance statistic
     5 or sd: weigh using standard deviation. (all features must be numeric)

-w file
    read weights from 'file'

-w file:n
    read weight n from 'file'

-W file
    calculate and save all weights in 'file'

+% or -%
    do or don't save test result (%) to file

+x or -x
    do or don't use the exact match shortcut
       (IB1 and IB2 only, default is -x)

-X file
    dump the InstanceBase as XML in 'file'

BUGS
possibly

AUTHORS
Ko van der Sloot Timbl@uvt.nl

Antal van den Bosch Timbl@uvt.nl

SEE ALSO
timblserver(1)